MBUILD Erasmus Mundus · THM 2026 · Pirawit Sukhaneskul
BIM-Based 4D–6D Performance Analysis
Single-Family Housing · Pathumthani, Thailand
UC1 · 4D Scheduling
UC2 · 5D Cost
UC3 · 6D Embodied Carbon
UC4 · Decision Support
4 Construction Scenarios
TC — Traditional Cast-in-Place
PF — Precast Frame
PP — Precast Panel
RS — Renovation / Retrofit
PF — Precast Frame
PP — Precast Panel
RS — Renovation / Retrofit
Revit 2025 · GFA 188.91 m² · Pathumthani, Thailand
KPI Summary — Actual Results
TC — Traditional Cast-in-Place
Baseline Scenario
197
calendar days
Cost ฿1,569,195 · ฿8,307/m²
Carbon 141,439 kg CO₂e
Labour 480 p-days · Crane 10 d (roof crane)
Waste cost: ฿46,213 THB (embedded)
Carbon 141,439 kg CO₂e
Labour 480 p-days · Crane 10 d (roof crane)
Waste cost: ฿46,213 THB (embedded)
−37%
PF — Precast Frame
New Construction
125
calendar days
Cost ฿2,197,793 · ฿11,629/m²
Carbon 161,436 kg CO₂e
Labour 330 p-days · Crane 21 d (PF×11 + roof×10)
Waste cost: ฿31,988 THB (embedded)
Carbon 161,436 kg CO₂e
Labour 330 p-days · Crane 21 d (PF×11 + roof×10)
Waste cost: ฿31,988 THB (embedded)
−52%
PP — Precast Panel
New Construction
94
calendar days
Cost ฿2,197,062 · ฿11,629/m²
Carbon 163,130 kg CO₂e
Labour 280 p-days · Crane 24 d (PP/PF×14 + roof×10)
Waste cost: ฿26,827 THB (embedded)
Carbon 163,130 kg CO₂e
Labour 280 p-days · Crane 24 d (PP/PF×14 + roof×10)
Waste cost: ฿26,827 THB (embedded)
Partial
RS — Renovation
Retrofit Scenario
40
calendar days (partial scope)
Cost ฿522,819 · ฿2,768/m²
Carbon 50,893 kg CO₂e
Labour 99 p-days · Crane 0 d
Waste cost: ฿24,451 THB (embedded)
Carbon 50,893 kg CO₂e
Labour 99 p-days · Crane 0 d
Waste cost: ฿24,451 THB (embedded)
Normalised Performance Matrix
Performance Index = Value_i / Value_TC × 100 · TC = 100 baseline · Lower index = better · ▼ outperforms TC · ▲ underperforms TC
| Dimension & Unit | TC | PF | PP | RS † |
|---|
† RS = partial-scope renovation — not directly comparable to new construction for Time/Cost/Carbon · ‡ Crane: TC=roof crane ×10 d; PF=precast+roof ×21 d; PP=precast+roof ×24 d; RS=0 d (capped at index 0, radar capped 180)
Radar — Adjusted Score (Outer = Better)
Adjusted Score = 200 − Index · Outer ring = best performance · Inner = worse · Index values shown on dots
Show:
Recommendation:
Schedule Summary
TC
197
calendar days
Subst 45d · Struct 64d · Roof 16d · Arch 51d
−37%
PF
125
calendar days
Subst 31d · Struct 28d · Roof 16d · Arch 49d
−52%
PP
94
calendar days
Subst 31d · Struct 20d · Roof 16d · Arch 25d
Partial
RS
40
calendar days
Demolish 12d · New Constr 28d
4D Gantt Chart — WBS-Level Schedule
All durations include calendar lags and non-working days. Toggle scenarios to compare. Solid fill = Critical Path task · ◆ = successor dependency
Show scenarios:
TC Traditional
PF Precast Frame
PP Precast Panel
RS Renovation
Source: MS Project 6-day/week calendar export · Durations include predecessor lags · BCA Singapore 2014 productivity benchmarks adapted for Thai context
WBS Activity Detail Table
Select scenario to display task-level data
Scenario:
UC1 Data Sources
- Revit 2025 BIM model — geometry + QTO (4 scenarios)
- Dynamo — automated QTO extraction, duration = Qty ÷ Rate × Crew
- MS Project — 6-day/week calendar, WBS predecessor logic + lag notation
- BCA Singapore 2014 — productivity benchmarks (adapted for Thai context)
- Navisworks Manage — 4D simulation + TimeLiner linking via WBS_Code
- WBS_Code = Instance parameter (required for NWC export compatibility)
Direct Cost Summary
TC
1,569,195
THB total direct cost · ฿8,307/m²
Mat 1,088,755 · Lab 221,690 · Eqp 247,750 · Trn 11,000
Material waste cost: ฿46,213 THB (4.24% of material)
Material waste cost: ฿46,213 THB (4.24% of material)
+40%
PF
2,197,793
THB · ฿11,629/m²
Mat 1,715,803 · Lab 157,740 · Eqp 286,250 · Trn 38,000
Material waste cost: ฿31,988 THB (1.86% of material)
Material waste cost: ฿31,988 THB (1.86% of material)
+40%
PP
2,197,062
THB · ฿11,629/m²
Mat 1,734,827 · Lab 133,485 · Eqp 315,750 · Trn 13,000
Material waste cost: ฿26,827 THB (1.50% of material)
Material waste cost: ฿26,827 THB (1.50% of material)
Partial
RS
522,819
THB · ฿2,768/m²
Mat 473,379 · Lab 45,540 · Eqp 0 · Trn 3,900
Material waste cost: ฿24,451 THB (5.17% of material)
Material waste cost: ฿24,451 THB (5.17% of material)
Cost Category Breakdown — Material / Labour / Equipment / Transport
Toggle scenarios to compare. Direct costs only — Factor F (overhead/profit) excluded.
Show:
Material
Labour
Equipment
Transport
Precast unit prices (PF/PP) bundle concrete + rebar + formwork + factory overhead — not directly comparable to TC unit rates. Labour: MOL No.13 duration × crew × daily rate. Equipment: market rental.
Phase Cost Comparison (THB)
Material Waste Cost Analysis
| Scenario | Material (THB) | Waste Cost (THB) | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| TC | 1,088,755 | 46,213 | 4.24% |
| PF | 1,715,803 | 31,988 | 1.86% |
| PP | 1,734,827 | 26,827 | 1.50% |
| RS | 473,379 | 24,451 | 5.17% |
Waste = Mat × factor/(1+factor). Precast elements 0% site waste. Factors: สพฐ / Ministry of Interior Cost Estimation Manual.
UC2 Data Sources
- Material prices: กรมบัญชีกลาง สพฐ 2568 (~4,400 items)
- Precast unit rates: INSEE Urban Yimjinda (reverse-calculated)
- Labour: MOL Wage Announcement No.13 (Jan 2023) — THB/day by trade
- Equipment: Market rental rates Thailand 2025–2026
- Waste factors: 5D Cost Database Mat ref (Ministry of Interior)
- Quantities: Revit → Dynamo QTO → waste factor application → Excel aggregation
Embodied Carbon A1–A5 Summary
TC
141,439
kg CO₂e A1–A5 (baseline)
A1–A3: 128,596 · A4: 975 · A5: 11,868
+14%
PF
161,436
kg CO₂e A1–A5
A1–A3: 149,812 · A4: 478 · A5: 11,146
+15%
PP
163,130
kg CO₂e A1–A5
A1–A3: 154,231 · A4: 647 · A5: 8,252
Partial
RS
50,893
kg CO₂e A1–A5 (partial scope)
A1–A3: 47,318 · A4: 345 · A5: 3,230
A1–A5 Lifecycle Stage Breakdown
EN 15978:2011 system boundary · A1–A3 dominates (≥91% in all scenarios)
A1–A3 Manufacturing
A4 Transport to site
A5 Construction process
A1–A3 GWP by Simplified Material Group
Filter to compare specific material categories across scenarios · Source: Thesis Table 5.4
Structural Steel (incl. Roof)
Concrete Products (CIP + Precast)
Reinforcement Steel
AAC Masonry
Aluminium / Other Finishes
Material groups per thesis Table 5.4. TC and PF share identical AAC Masonry quantity (15,996 kg CO₂e). PP = 0 AAC (precast panels replace masonry walls). RS = renovation scope only.
Carbon Hotspot Table — A1–A3 by Material Group (kgCO₂e)
Source: Thesis Table 5.4 · OneClick LCA export 26 April 2026
| Material Group | TC | % | PF | % | PP | % | RS † | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural Steel (incl. Roof) | 56,017 | 43.6% | 56,194 | 37.5% | 56,017 | 36.3% | — | — |
| Concrete Products (CIP + Precast) | 28,557 | 22.2% | 64,735 | 43.2% | 83,011 | 53.8% | — | — |
| Reinforcement Steel | 13,148 | 10.2% | 2,817 | 1.9% | 2,817 | 1.8% | — | — |
| AAC Masonry | 15,996 | 12.4% | 15,996 | 10.7% | 0 | 0% | 1,242 | 2.6% |
| Aluminium / Other Finishes | 14,880 | 11.6% | 10,069 | 6.7% | 12,386 | 8.0% | 46,076 | 97.4% |
| Total A1–A3 | 128,596 | 100% | 149,812 | 100% | 154,231 | 100% | 47,318 | 100% |
† RS = partial-scope renovation (47,318 kg CO₂e total; dominated by aluminium window/door replacement and finishes). TC vs PF AAC Masonry = identical (15,996 kg CO₂e) — same AAC block quantity. PP = 0 AAC (precast wall panels replace masonry). Source: Thesis Table 5.4, OneClick LCA export 26 April 2026.
UC3 Data Sources
- Tool: OneClick LCA — EN 15978:2011 A1–A5 boundary
- Priority 1: EPD (Environmental Product Declaration) — product-specific, International EPD database
- Priority 2: TGO — Thailand Greenhouse Gas Organisation CFP/CFO database (>4,600 products)
- Priority 3: OneClick LCA generic where no Thai EPD/TGO available
- A4 distances: RMC 10 km · Precast 25 km · General 25 km · Roof steel 30 km · Waste 15 km
- A5: equipment fuel from UC1 crane/pump machine-days
Data Lineage
BIM-to-Dashboard Flow
Revit 2025BIM Model ×4
→
DynamoQTO + write-back
→
WBS GroupingInstance param
→
UC1/UC2/UC3MSP · Excel · OneClick
→
UC4 IndexValue_i/Value_TC×100
→
DashboardVisualisation
AI tools (Claude, ChatGPT) support data cleaning, structuring, and interpretation only — not primary calculations. All quantitative outputs produced by Revit, Dynamo, MS Project, Excel, and OneClick LCA.
UC1 — 4D Scheduling
- 📐 Revit 2025 — BIM geometry, QTO
- 🔧 Dynamo — duration calc (Qty÷Rate×Crew)
- 📅 MS Project — 6d/week calendar
- 📊 BCA Singapore 2014 — productivity
- 🏗️ Navisworks — 4D simulation
UC2 — 5D Cost
- 💰 สพฐ 2568 — material prices
- 🏭 INSEE — precast unit rates
- 👷 MOL No.13 — labour wages
- 🚧 Market rates — equipment (2025)
- ♻️ Ministry of Interior — waste factors
UC3 — 6D Carbon
- 🌿 OneClick LCA — LCA platform
- 📋 EN 15978:2011 — A1–A5 boundary
- 🇹🇭 TGO CFP/CFO — Thai emission factors
- 🌐 EPD database — product-specific
- 📏 Transport: Pathumthani distances
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